Thyroid diseases are disorders that affect the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and body development. These diseases can manifest in various forms and may affect hormone production, causing hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or other disorders.
This occurs when the thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Symptoms may include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and constipation. The most common cause is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland.
This results from excessive production of thyroid hormones. Symptoms may include weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, insomnia, excessive sweating, and palpitations. One of the most common causes is Graves' disease, which is also an autoimmune disease.
This refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases, or thyroid nodules. A goiter may be visible as swelling in the neck.
These are lumps or masses that can form in the thyroid gland. Most nodules are benign, but some may be cancerous. Nodules can cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, depending on their nature.
Although it is relatively rare, thyroid cancer can present as a thyroid nodule and may cause symptoms such as neck pain, difficulty swallowing, or changes in voice. There are several types of thyroid cancer, with papillary carcinoma being the most common.